The Canada-China Connection


The sale of oil from the oil sands to China, for which the Northern Gateway pipeline and a tidewater loading terminal are controversially proposed, is the latest chapter in Canada's oldest Pacific rim relationship.
The story of the Sino-Canadian linkage began 1,500 years ago, when a Chinese Buddhist missionary first reached out for this continent.
The relationship has been marked by tears, blood, anguish, racism and a complex matrix of trade, immigration, investment and cultural, social, political and personal interests.
In its best moments Canadian and Chinese interests have come together to make life better for the people of each nation.
In Canada successful recent Chinese relations have been bipartisan, far-sighted, marked by tolerance and good will, and measured by mutual interests.
Although the political delay of cross-border construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline has lent some urgency to the Northern Gateway project, Canada has not been driven into China's arms by President Barrack Obama, as is spuriously alleged recently by campaigning Republicans.
Canada's harmonious trading relationship with China was launched by Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker a half century ago.
After the Korean War, the Liberal government of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent refused to consider wheat sales to China.
C.D. Howe, Liberal minister of trade and commerce, was reluctantly willing to sell wheat the Soviet Union, even though it was our Cold War communist adversary.
However, between 1950 and 1953, some 29,800 Canadian soldiers had seen action against the Chinese in Korea, 516 were killed in combat and 1042 wounded, so Howe considered China an unacceptable customer.
After they formed the government in 1957, Diefenbaker, Minister of Agriculture Alvin Hamilton and Minister of Trade Gordon Churchill, saw things differently.
They gave the green light to negotiations between the Canadian Wheat Board and the Chinese.
China was in the midst of a famine which lasted from 1958 to 1962; as many as 33 million Chinese may have died from starvation and related illnesses.
In 1960, the Canadians signed a three-year, $400-million contract for 200 million bushels of wheat.
The agreement was followed by a deal for 178 million bushels followed by one for 280 million bushels.
The wheat sales to China defied U.S. policy and angered Washington whose enmity with Communist China ran deep.
Russian novelist Boris Pasternak wrote, "scratch a Russian and you'll find a peasant".
Whether it is Canadian wheat, beef, softwood lumber or oil, scratch an American and you'll find a protectionist.
But Canada had felt the lash of unfair U.S. competition in wheat sales, including free give-aways of American wheat to paying Canadian customer nation
The Americans bristled at Chinese-Canadian commercial relations but Diefenbaker didn't care a fig for their opinion.
An American company refused to provide vital dock loading equipment in British Columbia to speed the delivery of wheat to starving Chinese.
(In the face of American recalcitrance, Canada not only did deals with China but with Cuba as well.)
What is now described as globalism began with that historic wheat agreement with China.
It represented a breakthrough of scale in international economic relations after millennia of world trade on a comparatively smaller scale.
The 20th century was familiar with massive nation-to-nation strategic trade in arms, war material and oil.
However the sale of hundreds of millions of tons of Canadian wheat to China in the largest commercial transaction in history up to that time, was a peace time, post-colonial, friendly deal.
Canada and China, after the 1949 Maoist revolution, enjoyed a relationship unencumbered by the history of colonial exploitation of China by Europe and the U.S.
The opium trade, imposed upon the Chinese by the British, is symbolic of that terrible legacy.
Nonetheless, after Confederation the Canadian treatment of Chinese was besmirched by racism.
Like immigrants from many nations, the Chinese looked to Canada with hope, and called it the Golden Mountain.
Some panned for gold on the Fraser River, some travelled to the Klondike to search for the precious metal.
And in their thousands, Chinese men came to Canada to build the Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway through the Rocky Mountains, and died in accidents at the rate of one fatality for each mile of track laid.
At the conclusion of the project, the labour contractor who hired them reneged on his commitment to provide return passage to China for the Chinese construction navvies.
They were stranded and immigration policy did not allow their wives or families to join them.
Most of them lived out their lives as lonely bachelors.
In the 20th century, the imposition of a costly head tax on Chinese immigrants meant a life of bachelorhood, relieved only by inter-racial marriages.
In 1911, the Calgary Chinese United Church started a language school in which new immigrants learned to speak English for half day and spent the other half learning to cook for restaurants.
Across rural western Canada, the proliferation of Chinese cuisine in coffee shops in small towns was introduced by the graduates of that program.
I have vivid memories of being a guest, as a newspaper reporter, in the rooming houses of east Calgary populated by elderly single Chinese men who came to Canada to humble jobs with no hope of starting a family here.
Their hospitality to me was heart-rending.
I have life-long memories of eating bowls of oranges with them in their meagre rooms while they regaled me with their life stories.
One story they told was of boyhood memories of Chiang Kai Shek visiting Calgary to raise funds from the "overseas Chinese" for the revolution of 1911, which overthrew the Qing dynasty.
The accounts of early Chinese exploration of North America's west coast are most-thoroughly documented by mainstream forgotten 19th century historians and 20th century authors Charles Boland and Gavin Menzies.
Both writers are self-taught archaeologists and historians and work has been ignored or dismissed by mainstream academics.
But the legends captured in the work of Borland and Menzies are worth knowing because they were commonly known in China and had influenced the emigration to Canada, as it slowly opened the doors to immigrants of colour.
Borland wrote that, at the threshold of the 6th century when China was in one of its outgoing periods in international relations, a Buddhist missionary named Hoei Shin determined to "extend the joyful mission of salvation to all the people of the earth".
The Chinese were able mariners and map makers, and they had perfected huge sea-going junks.
Hoei Shin set sail across the Pacific for "Tahan" or "Great China" a little-known land said to be inhabited by a barbaric painted people, so named for their love of tattoos.
It is now known that he sought the Aleuts of the Bering Strait and Western Alaska, but prevailing currents and winds carried his expedition further south to the Pacific coast of North America.
Like a modern snowbird, Hoei Shin travelled southward down the coast until he found the congenital climate of present-day Mexico.
He documented the culture and history of the Mayans, centuries before the Aztecs.
He called the new land "Fusang" the name of a Chinese tree similar to the aloe he found there.
There were at least two subsequent explorations of west coast North America by the Chinese prior to Christopher Columbus, written about by Menzies.
The most significant for Canada was the voyage of Zhou Man in the15th century. He is believed to have explored the west coast from Vancouver Island to Ecuador.
In the early 21st century, Canada is China's closest friendly Western neighbour.
The wheat deals led directly to the 1970 diplomatic recognition of China by Canada, before the Americans.
Formal diplomatic ties lead within two years to collaboration on energy.
The Soviet Union, which had assist the People's Republic with oil development in the 1950s and1960s, abandoned the Chinese when they decided to make the Chinese an enemy and the Sino-Soviet border became a world hot spot.
So the Chinese turned to Canada in 1972 for help, first coming to this country to consult with Canadian petroleum geologists and engineers on several fields here similar to those in China.
This was followed up in the spring of 1973 by a Canadian mission to Chinese oil fields, including five exploration and production geologists and engineers, 13 equipment and field services executives and 15 Department of Energy and Geological Survey of Canada officials.
The Chinese did not meet Canadian hopes of sales of equipment and technology, or oil and gas concessions to explore and drill but, as participants in the mission later recounted, they picked the Canadians' brains and extended a warm hospitality which included meeting Chairman Mao's wife Jiang Qing, then the most powerful woman in the world and the second-ranked person in China.
Now China is banker to the world, experimenting with a mixed economy of state enterprises and private enterprise.
Chinese companies have invested broadly in Canadian oil and gas ventures -- sometimes buying Canadian-owned foreign assets such as Encana's petroleum and pipeline holdings in Ecuador and sometimes taking an interest in Canadian domestic production such as oil sands operations.
It is difficult to determine what international friendships mean in Chinese terms and whether the Chinese have a hidden agenda in relations with countries like Canada.
China is emerging as the next world power, with its strength measured in mercantile and financial terms and its iron military power gloved in the velvet cloth of commerce.
And access to oil sands production is just a small part of the relationship that China and Canada will have in the years ahead.

Targeting Canada’s ‘invisible’ Hispanic community


From Friday's Globe and Mail

When there’s a gold rush on, smart people look for silver.
In the last few years, Canadian marketers have been retooling their organizations to target newcomers to the country. Ethnic media are bursting with ads targeting Chinese, Filipino and South Asian immigrants. (Or at least as bursting as media outlets are these days.) But there’s another group of newcomers, all but unknown and ignored, that some people believe present a sweet opportunity to savvy companies willing to learn another language: Hispanic-Canadians.
“Latin America is the fourth-largest source of immigration to Canada,” said Fabiola Sicard, the Toronto-based director of Latin markets for Bank of Nova Scotia, who is charged with convincing new Hispanic-Canadians to open accounts at her bank. On Wednesday evening, Ms. Sicard told a meeting of the Toronto Hispanic Chamber of Commerce that the number of immigrants from Latin American countries jumped by 121 per cent from the five-year periods of 1996-2000 to 2001-2006.
That much, at least, is known. But in sharp contrast to the U.S., where the Hispanic community is a 50 million-strong economic and political force that marketers study intently, their Canadian counterparts are practically invisible.
Chalk it up, said Ms. Sicard, to three obstacles: Hispanic-Canadians are a smaller market than other immigrant communities, they are geographically fragmented (stretching from the Venezuelan oil workers in Lethbridge, Alta., to IT professionals in Oakville, Ont., to dentists in Montreal), and there is almost no significant research that delves into their unique needs. Making matters worse, the eradication of Statistics Canada’s long-form census last year means the one half-decent source of information that marketers depended on is now gone.
But what little research exists suggests the Hispanic market – which numbers between 600,000 and 1.2 million, depending on the definition – is not just its own unique beast, but a valuable one.
Ms. Sicard presented Statscan data suggesting that, in contrast to the U.S. Hispanic community – which is stigmatized by its large proportion of illegal immigrants who have few English skills and a paucity of formal education – almost 50 per cent of Hispanic Canadians have at least a bachelor’s degree; another 12 per cent have a non-university diploma.
Which is why Scotiabank is making them a priority. While most Canadian banks provide special services to newcomers, from flexible accounts to Welcome Guides that provide basic information about citizenship, geography, customs and traditions, Ms. Sicard’s employer has identified Hispanic Canadians as an important growth market, especially for its StartRight bank accounts, which are tailored to the needs of newcomers.
But rather than using mainstream media to reach them, the bank is marketing at the grassroots, through professional associations, street festivals, and blogs aimed at people living in Latin American countries who are mulling a move north.
“We are targeting the Philippine and Hispanic community as well as the Chinese and South Asian communities,” Ms. Sicard said. “And guess what? We have more StartRight customers who speak Tagalog and Spanish than Mandarin or Punjabi. So the opportunity’s huge, because nobody’s targeting them, and everybody’s after the Chinese and South Asians.”
Still, there are reasons for caution.
“Chinese and South Asian are still the predominant groups,” said Bobby Sahni, the head of multicultural marketing for Rogers Communications Inc., who also addressed the THCC meeting. “So from a marketer’s perspective, obviously you’re going for scale, you’re trying to cover your big wins. That’s just the reality of any marketing – whether it’s multicultural, mass mainstream, or whatever – you want to get the biggest bang for your buck.”
But by focusing on the big fat targets, nimble marketers may be missing out on other opportunities. Ms. Sicard noted that, while Hispanics make up approximately 10 per cent of Canadian immigrants on an annual basis, they are overrepresented in Quebec, where they make up 20 per cent of immigrants.
“Within Montreal, it’s easier to target the Latin community,” Ms. Sicard said. “There, we offer a mortgage seminar in Spanish, 150 people show up. We don’t get that many attendees for our seminars in French or English. So that’s a big hit, just to provide it in Spanish.”
Best of all, she says, the Hispanic community is culturally cohesive, so marketers can avoid the pitfalls they encounter when trying to target other groups that may be riven by divisions. “You have a lot of people from Africa and the Middle East, but there are so many conflicts between them that it’s difficult to target and not offend another group. The advantage with Latinos in Montreal is that, just by marketing in Spanish, you cover them all and you don’t get in trouble.”
The Wednesday discussion included much breast-beating about the low profile of the Hispanic community in Canada. “We’re invisible,” complained Eduardo Uruena, founder and president of the local newspaper Diario El Popular. “It hurts.”
It may be that, before marketers pay attention to Hispanic-Canadians, the community is going to have to get better at marketing itself.
“When many of the Australian wines were starting to become popular in Canada, instead of Wolf Blass or Yellowtail or these different companies trying to take on the entire market and trying to build the profile and the brand of their wine alone, they actually unified and worked together to build the profile of Australian wines collectively,” Mr. Sahni noted.
“In the same case, whether it’s Hispanic media or Hispanic businesses – instead of trying to go at it on your own, I think there’s a lot of opportunity to work together.”
Until they do, they’ll be either invisible or mischaracterized. A few years ago, the mainstream Tex-Mex food brand Old El Paso aired an ad featuring Francesco Quinn (the Italian-born son of actor Anthony Quinn) laying on a thick Spanish accent while surrounded by chickens in a living room. It didn’t go over well among Hispanic-Canadians. “We are not that,” said Ms. Fabiola curtly. “There’s not a single Latin person I’ve asked about that ad who’s not mad about it.”

Canada: Once Again a Destination for European Immigration


While Canada, since the 1970’s, has progressively seen more of its immigration come from Asian countries, there has been at least some hard evidence that immigration from Europe is increasing as well.
Canada remains one of the few open immigrant-friendly countries. What’s more, in many respects it has suffered much less than most during the worldwide financial crisis that started in 2008—with its banks declared the best in the world.
With the effects of this financial crisis still being felt, and even intensifying in Europe, Canada has once again, like generations ago, become an option for European immigration.
Recent news stories on CanadaVisa.com highlight booming resource and energy-driven economies in provinces from one end of Canada to the other, such as:
The articles listed above point out that along with these economic booms, there has been a resulting skilled labour shortage that extends into the future. They also demonstrate that viable immigrant destinations exist in many of Canada’s provinces, not just in traditional immigrant enclaves like Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
Another article on CanadaVisa.com explains that at least some of this skilled labour gap being felt across the country is being filled with Europeans: see Irish influx to Canada, more to come.
Florin Tiron, a Romanian carpenter, will be among these European newcomers. While he has been working in Italy for the past ten years, because of recent economic hardship in Italy he can only get work part time. He has therefore decided to leave, not to return to his native Romania, but instead to come to Canada under the Quebec Skilled Worker program.
Florin will come with his wife and young child, exactly the kind of demographic Quebec is after.
While Quebec is a great destination for highly skilled and educated workers, as profiled in last month’s CIC News articleQuebec’s Attraction for Knowledge-based Workers, it is also a great destination for trades people, such as bricklayers, and in the case of Florin, carpenters. Several trades like these score high in Quebec’s point-based immigration system, which also does not require a job offer like many other Canadian immigration programs.
Quebec is also home to an increasingly large number of Francophone Europeans who fill a spectrum of jobs in their new homebase.
With Spanish unemployment hovering around 20%, and Greek immigration to Germany up 84% this year alone—Germany being virtually the only vibrant economy left in Europe—Europeans are left looking for other options.
Nudrrat Khawaja is another case in point. She was born and lived most of her life in Lahore Pakistan, working as a Senior Associate Producer at the television station Express 24/7. More recently, however, she has been completing a Master’s of Business Administration in Liverpool, in the UK.
“I would have liked to stay in the UK,” she says, “but there are no jobs here for foreign students, or a clear way to become a resident, Canada is my only option.”
Nudrrat is planning to pursue her studies in Canada, where she then can become eligible for immigration under programs such as the Canadian Experience Class, or through the newly available PhD eligibility criteria of the Federal Skilled Worker program.
“Every time something bad happens in the world,” says Attorney David Cohen, “people think of Canada as an optional destination for them. Unfortunately there has been a lot of turmoil in the world these past few years, including in Europe. We are seeing that Canada has again become popular as a destination for Europeans like it was generations ago for my own family.”
Both for native born Europeans, like Florin, and for those in transit who might have in other circumstances remained in Europe, like Nudrrat, Canada’s stability, and varied provincial booms, position it once again to become a hot ticket for those across the pond.

Harper Announces “Major Transformation” of Canadian Immigration


Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, this past week, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper outlined a plan for broad and lasting economic change in Canada.
Key to this plan is ‘significant reform of our immigration system’. Standing in front of an international audience of state representatives and private businesspeople, Harper stated: “We will ensure that, while we respect our humanitarian obligations and family reunification objectives, we make our economic and labour force needs the central goal of our immigration efforts in the future”.
Specific details as to how Canadian immigration systems will accommodate a large-scale shift in priorities were not included in his speech. However, Immigration Minister Jason Kenney later quantified some planned initiatives to address Harper’s goal of using the immigration system to directly respond to economic needs. He underscored Canada’s continued commitment to keeping immigration levels high, and was quick to point out that despite the global recession, Canada has accepted more immigrants per capita than any other developed country.
One significant change that Kenney expanded upon referred to the points grid used to assessFederal Skilled Worker applications. It will be changed to “look at younger workers, people with pre-arranged jobs, and also go to a system that’s more proactive; more reaching out and recruiting people who have the skills we need rather than just being an entirely passive system”. Central to this change in the points system will be a renewed emphasis on skilled trades learned through experience rather than higher education. Kenney states that “the skilled worker program basically selects people with advanced university degrees. But a lot of the job shortages in Canada are people with more basic [skills] – skilled trades for example”.
Many Provincial Nominee Programs have already been expanded to accommodate individuals who will contribute to the Canadian economy in this way. It is now hoped that by pursuing a similar structure federally, Canada will be able to use a more flexible immigration program to fill gaps in the job market.
These changes have the possibility to facilitate immigration for workers that were previously unable to qualify for permanent residency. “Skill is not necessarily defined by a college degree,” says Attorney David Cohen. “If this issue is addressed wisely, Canada will have the opportunity to attract valuable immigrants in the international labor pool who have been previously overlooked”. However, he cautions those now seeking to immigrate to Canada, stating that “currently qualified immigrants should not wait until changes take place, as it is unclear how they will stand under the new protocols”.
Kenney finished by noting that additional changes will be made in entrepreneurial and investor programs. Greater attention will be paid to individuals who come to Canada to set up “high tech and research & development-based companies that will create the wealth of the future”.
It is expected that a detailed and comprehensive plan for immigration reform will be presented some time in the spring. Though it targets immigration in skilled worker categories, it is unclear how (if at all) this will affect other streams of immigration such as family class. However, it appears that through these announced (and yet to be announced) changes, Prime Minister Harper is setting the stage for immigration policies that will affect a generation to come.

Websites to help recognize foreign credentials

The Canadian government has announced a new website, available now, that will help in the recognition of foreign credentials for newcomers to Canada. This comes on the back of a similar initiative announced recently from the government of Quebec specifically geared towards engineers.
The federal website, called The International Qualification Network (IQN), is a platform where regulatory bodies and professional organizations will post a variety of tools and information that can be used to accelerate the recognition of international credentials, something which has sometimes proved difficult for newcomers to Canada.
“The Government of Canada is committed to improving the process of recognizing foreign worker qualifications, and the IQN website will help find solutions that will allow immigrants to integrate better into the Canadian labour market,” said Immigration Minister Jason Kenney.
Early contributors to the service include nursing and midwifery organizations.
The site is not geared for immigrants themselves, but instead as a networking platform for subject matter experts involved in the recognition of foreign credentials, to improve their respective practices, which will reflect in how they serve their constituents: newcomers to Canada that require some form of professional recognition of their credentials to work in their field.
This differs from Quebec’s proposed website for foreign engineers, which will serve immigrants themselves, for exampleaccording to a previous CanadaVisa.com article, allowing them to “self-evaluate the estimated time it will take for them [to have their credentials recognized] and associated costs, and even track the progress of their applications as they progress through the process.”
New tools such as the one offered by Quebec, along with similar provincial initiatives across the country, then, will be able to tap into the IQN website, to further improve and accelerate the recognition of foreign credentials.

From Temporary Work Permit to Permanent Residency: A Brief Synopsis and Analysis of Options

Permanent Resident Card (2002-2007)
Permanent Resident Card (2002-2007) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The path to Permanent Residency (PR) in Canada can be daunting in its complexity. However, some individuals find work in Canada before achieving permanent status, first entering on a Temporary Work Permit. This temporary permit can be a stepping stone towards PR. Indeed, in some ways the possession of a temporary work permit will ease a PR candidate’s overall application experience. For an individual who is already in Canada on a work permit, there are four main paths to transforming one’s temporary status to PR status.

Arranged Employment (through Federal Skilled Worker program)

Time Period: Approximately 12-18 months

For an educated, experienced worker in a skilled position, this program often presents the most straightforward path to PR. It consists of two steps
  • Step 1: The employer for whom the individual is working for on a temporary basis can offer a position of indefinite length. This is referred to as Arranged Employment.
  • Step 2: The worker must pass the FSW points system. This system attributes numerical value to things such as a job offer, adaptability, and education. If one has a job offer, higher education, and some language skills, they often have ample points to qualify.

Canadian Experience Class

Time Period: Approximately 1 year

Workers in skilled positions can apply under this program. This is often a choice option for individuals who are unable to meet the point requirements necessary for the Federal Skilled Worker program. The key difference between the two programs is that this category requires a candidate to garner the following experience in Canada:
  • 2 years of work in Canada or
  • Post-secondary studies completed in Canada and 1 year of work
If one qualifies for this path they must be prepared to maintain continuous employment for one of the above time periods before applying for PR.

Provincial Nominee Program

Time Period: Varies by province, approximately 12-18 months in total

Many provinces, through agreements with the federal government, have robust provincial programs, which allow them to nominate foreign workers for PR. Pursuing this path from within Canada will vary greatly from province to province. However, in general these applications must be for workers with skilled positions, and will require involvement on the part of the employer. There are some things to note:
  • Some provinces have more active programs than others. Some prefer to target specific skill sets. This can dictate how one’s PNP application moves forward.
  • Like other programs, PNP seeks skilled laborers. In Alberta only, there are some avenues to be nominated with an unskilled job.
For individuals outside of Canada, it is worth noting that if nominated, a foreign worker can receive a temporary work permit while they wait for PR.

Quebec Experience Class

Time Period: varies greatly, less than 1 year

The province of Quebec has unique agreements with the federal government that allow it to put special immigration systems in place. Generally, candidates on temporary work permits must work in Quebec for a minimum of 1 year in a skilled position. Most importantly, they must speak at least intermediate French under this particular program. After approval, they will receive a Quebec Selection Certificate, which will allow them to reside permanently in the province.
  • Unlike other programs, Quebec allows individuals on temporary Working Holiday visas to apply for PR, providing they meet the aforementioned requirements.
It is important to remember that there is no ‘best’ or ‘worst’ road to achieving PR, and that a temporary work permit is not required to secure PR. Each program has been designed to facilitate the entrance of workers who will positively contribute to Canada’s labor market. All those wishing to immigrate permanently to Canada should choose the path which best matches their unique experiences and abilities.

Enhanced by Zemanta

Refusal rate of visitors’ visas at its peak: Liberal

The refusal rate of visitor visas has skyrocketed under the current Conservative government, Liberal MPs charged at a series of community outreach meetings and town halls they held across the GTA last week.

That is what’s really happening behind the smoke-and-mirrors thrown up by Citizenship and Immigration Canada Minister Jason Kenney through the Super Visa, and the temporary, two-year parental sponsorship freeze, they alleged.

They added there would also be cuts to overall immigration levels.
“This year alone, they (the Conservatives) estimate cutting the number of immigrants admitted to 
Canada by 30,000,” said Liberal Citizenship and Immigration critic Kevin Lamoureux.

“With their majority government, the Conservatives are choosing to ignore all the hard-working new Canadians who elected them based on their empty promises,”? Lamoureux added.

He noted the Super Visa was supposed to bring families closer together by allowing parents and grandparents to visit their children in Canada for up to two years at a time over a decade.  

“But the reality is that most families won’t be able to afford the high-costs involved with the visa, including meeting minimum salary levels and paying thousands for private health insurance.

“Worse, the Super Visa controversy is distracting attention from the Conservatives’ decision to freeze parental sponsorship applications for two years — breaking a promise to new Canadians,” Lamoureux added.

He said that for some, having the right to sponsor their parents is the reason they chose to come to Canada. “What the Conservatives have done — no matter what their excuse — is not right,” he said.

Other MPs who formed part of last week’s Liberal offensive included Kirsty Duncan, John McCallum, Frank Valeriote, John McKay and Jim Karygiannis, who is also the party’s multiculturalism critic.

Karygiannis in particular took aim at the Tories’ stand on parental sponsorship.

“The family, which includes grandparents, is the very foundation of many of our multicultural communities,” he noted.

“While the Harper Conservatives say they are the party of family values, Kenney has proved that this is not so,” Karygiannis said.


Source: http://www.southasianfocus.ca/news/article/103763

Leave us a message

Check our online courses now

Check our online courses now
Click Here now!!!!

Subscribe to our newsletter

Vcita